ABSTRACT
Background: India has the maximum burden of both non MDR tuberculosis (TB) and Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) TB, as per data reported in Global TB Report 2018 and tuberculosis is remains one of the most common cause of pleural effusions.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Respiratory Diseases and a total of 110 patients with pleural effusion were included in the study, which were enrolled for treatment from July 2018 to June 2019.Results: One hundred and ten patients with pleural effusion were enrolled during the study period. There were 65 males (59%) and 45 (40.9%) females. The overall mean age for males and females were 44.4±18.84 years (35-87 years) and 38.28±17.66 years (35-87 years) respectively. Tuberculous Pleural Effusion group (TPE) seen in 82 patients. Right sided pleural effusion (69.5 %) were more common than left sided (30.4 %). In TPE group the mean pleural fluid ADA level were 86.41±38.08 IU/L (range: 14-195 IU/L). The Malignant Pleural Effusion (MPE) group included 21 patients. In MPE group the mean pleural fluid ADA level were 34.10±32.88 IU/L (range: 8-144 IU/L). The difference in pleural fluid ADA levels between TPE and MPE group was statistically highly significant.Conclusions: Tuberculous pleural effusion was the most common cause of pleural effusion in present study and observed in 74.5% cases.
ABSTRACT
Background: Worldwide, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the one of the leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality. COPD is one of the diseases in which smoking is the common and important risk factor when it is associated with Metabolic syndrome (MetS). The individual components of MetS, i.e., obesity, dyslipidemia, fasting hyperglycaemia, and hypertension were independently associated with impairment of lung function too. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among COPD patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in department of Respiratory Diseases and a total of 70 COPD patients were included in the study, which were enrolled for treatment from July 2016 to July 2017. The severity level in patients with COPD were determined according to GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease), 2015 guideline. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guideline; (2005) was used in diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.Results: Seventy patients with COPD were enrolled during the study period. There were 45 males (64.2%) and 25(35.7%) females. Mean age of male patients was 58.67±9.87 years, while mean age of female patients was 57.23±10.4 years (35-87 years). Mean BMI of male was 24.33±6.64 kg/m2, while in case of female it was 30.07±6.95 kg/m2 and overall mean BMI of study population was 26.22±7.22 kg/m2. The mean waist circumference of male was 86.91±13.31 cm while in female it was 87.18±14.51 cm. The Overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 31.34% and most common in GOLD stage-3 (47.06%), followed by stage-2 (40%), followed by stage-4 (25.71%) and 7.4 % in GOLD stage -1.Conclusions: The presence of metabolic syndrome is common in patients with COPD and, all COPD patients should be considered for screening for it.
ABSTRACT
Background: Quality of life (QOL) is important in patients of epilepsy as it is affected both by disease as well as therapy. QOL is the most overlooked component of antiepileptic treatment.Methods: An observational analytical study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with Department of Neurology of Himalayan Institute of Medical Science, Dehradun over 12 months. 80 patients satisfying inclusion criteria were enrolled and divided into two groups based on physician discretion and followed up for 12 weeks. Patients were evaluated at 0 and 12 weeks for quality of life using QOLIE-10 self-administered questionnaire, they were also assessed for seizure control and drug related adverse effects.Results: 60 patients were enrolled and divided into two treatment groups as per physician discretion, levetiracetam (30) and valproic acid (30) groups. Study groups showed significant improvement in QOL (mean change in QOL17.95�527 for LEV and 11.56�540 for VPA). Levetiracetam (LEV) group showed significant improvement over valproic acid (VPA) group (p=0.05) at 12 weeks. Patients who achieved total seizure control at 6 weeks were 93.33% patients in levetiracetam and 90% in valproic acid group, reason being non adherence which was 6.67% and 10% respectively. Adverse event recorded with levetiracetam (03), most common being drowsiness and with valproic acid (08), with most common being anorexia.Conclusions: Levetiracetam therapy has led to better quality of life and has the same seizure control as valproic acid, and has shown to have lower incidence of adverse effect.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is major public health issue facing the world in present century and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing explosively. There are various diabetes related complications, one of which is low testosterone levels in men. This study was designed to estimate the serum testosterone level in male patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The patients of type -2 diabetes mellitus were picked up from out-patient and in-patients section of the hospital at random.Results: Seventy male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled during the study period. The mean age of study population was 56.36±10.26 years (range 36-70), while that of control group patients was found to be 39.80±7.92years. Family history of diabetes was present in 14 (22.2%) patients. The mean HbA1c in study group was 8.83±1.95 %, which was significantly higher as compared to control group with HbA1c 4.82±0.40 %. Among study group, lower serum total testosterone level was observed in 85.7 % cases and normal level in 14.3 % cases. Among control group, lower serum total testosterone level was observed in 6.7 % cases and normal level in 93.3 % cases.Conclusions: The present study highlighted that significant difference in serum total testosterone level has been observed between cases and control groups (X2 =55.7, P=0.0001).
ABSTRACT
Chylothorax is a life-threatening form of pleural effusion with a varied aetiology. In this report, we describe the case of a child who developed bilateral chylothorax following minor trauma which responded well to conservative management.
Subject(s)
Child , Chylothorax/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Thoracic Injuries/complicationsABSTRACT
Endobronchial metastasis secondary to follicular thyroid carcinoma is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of follicular thyroid cancer in 58-year-old male who presented with hemoptysis. Computed tomography of the chest revealed multiple lung metastases. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed a fragile polypoid mass 5 cm distal to the vocal cords; biopsy taken from this mass revealed follicular thyroid carcinoma.